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1.
Rev. Ciênc. Plur ; 9(2): 31781, 31 ago. 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1509750

ABSTRACT

No puerpério, a mulher passa por intensas mudanças de ordem familiar e social, como também de adaptações psicológicas e biológicas, que são marcadas por alterações metabólicas e hormonais complexas, sendo a fase de maior risco para o desenvolvimento de algum transtorno mental. Objetivo:Realizar uma revisão da literatura paraidentificar a assistência à saúde nos transtornos mentais no período de puerpério. Metodologia:Estudo descritivo na modalidade revisão integrativa, realizado com artigos originais disponíveis nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, publicados nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic LibraryOnline (SCIELO) e Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), no período de 2015 a 2021 com os seguintes descritores: assistência de enfermagem, transtornos mentais e períodopós-parto. Resultados:Foram encontrados 58artigos, dos quais 17foram selecionados ao final do processo. 10 trabalhos evidenciaram fatores associados com transtorno mental, 4 trabalhos descreveram medidas de proteção e 3 abordaram ações assistenciais de saúde na intervenção dos transtornos mentais no puerpério. Conclusões:Após análise da literatura, observa-seque o baixo suporte social e familiar se mostraram como principais fatores de risco associados aos transtornos mentais para a puérpera. Já os fatores de proteção foram relacionados com aumento do apoio familiar e assistencial por meio dos serviços de saúde, bem como a importância da enfermagem na implementação de estratégias preventivas para os transtornos mentais no puerpério (AU).


In the puerperium, women undergoes intense changes of family and social order, as well as psychological and biological adaptations, which are marked by complex metabolic and hormonal alterations, being the phase of greatest risk for the development of somemental disorder. Objective: Conduct a review of the literature to identify health care in mental disorders in the postpartum period.Methodology:Descriptive study in the integrative review modality, carried out with original articles available in Portuguese, English and Spanish, published in the scientific electronic library online (SCIELO) and Latin American literature in health sciences (LILACS) databases, from 2015 to 2021 with the following descriptors: nursing care, mental disorders and postpartum period.Results:Fifty-eight articles were found, of which 17 were selected at the end of the process. 10 studies showed factors associated with mental disorder, 4 studies described protective measures and 3 addressed health care actions in the intervention of mental disorders in the puerperium.Conclusions:After analyzing the literature, we observed that low social and family support were shown to be the main risk factors associated with mental disorders for the puerperal. On the other hand, the protective factors were related to increased family and care support through health services, as well as the importance of nursing in the implementation of preventive strategies for mental disorders in the puerperium (AU).


En el puerperio, la mujer sufre intensos cambios de orden familiar y social, así como adaptaciones psicológicas y biológicas, que se caracterizan por complejas alteraciones metabólicas y hormonales, siendo la fase de mayor riesgo para el desarrollo de algún trastorno mental.Objetivo:Realizar una revisión de la literatura para identificar la atención médica en los trastornos mentales en el período posparto. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo en la modalidad de revisión integradora, realizado con artículos originales disponibles en portugués, inglés y español, publicados en las bases de datos de la biblioteca científica electrónica en línea (SCIELO) y de la literatura latinoamericana en ciencias de la salud (LILACS), de 2015 a 2021 con los siguientes descriptores: cuidados de enfermería, trastornos mentales y puerperio.Resultados: Se encontraron cincuenta y ocho artículos, de los cuales 17 fueron seleccionados al final del proceso. 10 estudios mostraron factores asociadosal trastorno mental, 4 estudios describieron medidas de protección y 3 abordaron acciones de atención sanitaria en la intervención de los trastornos mentales en el puerperio.Conclusiones: Después de analizar la literatura, observamos que el bajo apoyo social y familiar demostró ser el principal factor de riesgo asociado a los trastornos mentales para el puerperal. Por otro lado, los factores protectores se relacionaron con el aumento del apoyo familiar y asistencial a través de los servicios de salud, asícomo la importancia de la enfermería en la implementación de estrategias preventivas para los trastornos mentales en el puerperio (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Postpartum Period/psychology , Mental Health Assistance , Mental Disorders/pathology , Nursing Care/psychology , Humanization of Assistance , Health Services
2.
Natal; s.n; 20200000. 169 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | BBO, LILACS | ID: biblio-1451092

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se avaliar a assistência às pessoas com transtornos mentais em conflito com a lei. Trata-se de um estudo de avaliação realizado em duas etapas: Estudo Metodológico e Estudo de Caso. O estudo metodológico, desenvolvido de fevereiro a dezembro de 2019, delineou a construção e validação do modelo lógico e da matriz de critérios para avaliação da assistência ao grupo estudado, a partir dos três procedimentos sugeridos pelo referencial da Psicometria de Pasquali: 1) teóricos- composto por ensaio teórico, scoping review e estudo de avaliabilidade, a fim de identificar os conteúdos que compuseram o modelo lógico e a matriz de critérios; 2) empíricos ­ compreenderam a construção do instrumento de coleta através do Google Forms e a seleção de 44 experts para o processo de validação do instrumento de avaliação proposto; e 3) analíticos- realizado a partir de duas etapas Delphi, em que se considerou válido o item avaliado como adequado que obteve 70% de concordância entre os experts. O estudo de caso ocorreu no âmbito do Hospital de Custódia e Tratamento Psiquiátrico do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram entrevistados, em janeiro de 2020, três gestores e sete profissionais de saúde que atuavam no cenário pesquisado. O conteúdo textual decorrente das entrevistas foi submetido à análise textual lexicográfica, com auxílio do software Interface de R pour Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionneires e a análise dos dados foi realizada a partir de literatura pertinente. O ensaio teórico refletiu sobre a existência de muros (in) visíveis que cerceiam as pessoas com transtornos mentais em conflito com a lei. A scoping review identificou que as pesquisas acerca da assistência à saúde mental ofertada aos internos dos Institutos de Psiquiatria Forense no Brasil eram predominantemente dissertações, com abordagem qualitativa, na área da Psicologia e Direito, publicadas em 2014, realizadas na região sudeste do Brasil, com ênfase nas falas dos profissionais de saúde e sem especificar a metodologia da análise de dados. Ademais, indicou que a assistência ofertada aos internos destas instituições tem caráter punitivo, pauta-se na medicalização excessiva e diverge da legislação vigente, o que dificulta a reintegração social desses sujeitos. O estudo de avaliabilidade resultou: na elaboração e pactuação do modelo lógico; na análise e comparação entre a realidade da política e o modelo lógico; e na elaboração da matriz de critérios. O modelo lógico foi validado pela Técnica de Grupo Nominal. A adequabilidade do conteúdo da matriz de critérios foi avaliada por 16 experts na etapa Delphi 1 e por 12 na etapa Delphi 2. A matriz de critérios teve seu conteúdo validado mediante Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo de 0,93. Para gestores e profissionais de saúde entrevistados na etapa de campo, a assistência no cenário estudado é permeada por carências estruturais, mas mudanças no âmbito da gestão institucional têm permitido avanços no processo de desinstitucionalização dos internos. Recomenda-se o estabelecimento de metas exequíveis, bem como que a matriz de critérios proposta nesse estudo direcione a avaliação contínua e sistemática, capaz de incidir em melhorias na assistência prestada a esta clientela (AU).


The objective was to evaluate the assistance to people with mental disorders in conflict with the law. It is an evaluation study carried out in two stages: Methodological Study and Case Study. The methodological study, developed in February 2019, outlines a construction and validation of the logical model and the matrix of criteria for assessing assistance to the studied group, based on the three procedures suggested by Pasquali's psychometric framework: 1) theoristscomposed of theoretical essay, scope review and availability study, in order to identify the contents that make up the logical model and the criteria matrix; 2) empirical - understand the construction of a collection instrument using Google Forms and the selection of 44 specialists for the validation process of the analyzed evaluation instrument; and 3) analytical - carried out using two Delphi steps, in which the item evaluated as adequate is considered valid, which recovered 70% of agreement between the specialists. The case study took place at the Hospital of Custody and Psychiatric Treatment of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. In January 2020, three managers and seven health professionals who worked in the surveyed scenario were interviewed. The textual content resulting from the interviews was subjected to lexicographic textual analysis, with the aid of the software Interface de R pour Analyzes Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionneires and the data analysis was performed from the relevant literature. The theoretical essay reflected on the existence of (in) visible walls that surround people with mental disorders in conflict with the law. The scoping review identified that research on mental health care offered to interns at the Institutes of Forensic Psychiatry in Brazil was predominantly dissertations, with a qualitative approach, in the area of Psychology and Law, published in 2014, carried out in the southeastern region of Brazil, with emphasis on the speeches of health professionals and without specifying the methodology of data analysis. In addition, he indicated that the assistance offered to the interns of these institutions has a punitive character, is based on excessive medicalization and diverges from the current legislation, which hinders the social reintegration of these subjects. The evaluability study resulted in: the elaboration and agreement of the logical model; in the analysis and comparison between the reality of politics and the logical model; and in the elaboration of the criteria matrix. The logical model was validated by the Nominal Group Technique. The content adequacy of the criteria matrix was assessed by 16 experts in the Delphi 1 stage and by 12 in the Delphi 2 stage. The content matrix had its content validated by 0.93 Content Validity Coefficient. For managers and health professionals interviewed in the field stage, assistance in the scenario studied is permeated by structural deficiencies, but changes in the scope of institutional management have allowed advances in the process of deinstitutionalization of inmates. It is recommended to establish achievable goals, as well as the criteria matrix proposed in this study to direct continuous and systematic assessment, capable of focusing on improvements in the assistance provided to this cliente (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Prisoners/psychology , Health Evaluation/methods , Program Evaluation , Mental Health Assistance , Mental Disorders/pathology , Mental Health , Validation Study , Qualitative Research
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 76(2): 120-123, Feb. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888356

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT It could be argued that one of the few unifying qualities all human beings share is the ability to appreciate beauty. While the object of beauty may change from one person to another, the awe and the thrill experienced by an enthralled beholder remains the same. Sometimes, this experience can be so overwhelming it can bring someone to the edge of existence. A very rare condition, known as aesthetic syndrome and, more commonly, Stendhal syndrome, entails a clinical phenomenon in which the presence of a beautiful piece of work or architecture causes dysautonomic symptoms such as tachycardia, diaphoresis, chest pains and loss of consciousness. We present an historical and clinical review of this condition.


RESUMO Podría decirse que una de las pocas cualidades comunes a todos los seres humanos es la capacidad de apreciar la belleza. Si bien, es cierto que el objeto considerado como bello cambia de una persona a otra, la admiración y profunda emoción que experimenta un espectador en trance, es la misma. En ocasiones, esta experiencia puede llevar una persona hasta el borde mismo de la existencia. Una condición muy rara, conocida como síndrome estético, y en algunos casos, síndrome de Stendhal, comprende un cuadro clínico en el que la presencia de una magnífica y bella pieza de arte o arquitectura, produce síntomas disautonómicos como taquicardia, diaforesis, dolor torácico y pérdida de la consciencia. Presentamos aquí una revisión clínica e histórica de esta condición.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , Art , Psychophysiologic Disorders/history , Psychophysiologic Disorders/pathology , Mental Disorders/history , Mental Disorders/pathology , Mental Disorders/therapy , Psychophysiologic Disorders/therapy , Syndrome , Risk Factors
4.
Ribeirão preto; s.n; 2018. 104 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1428783

ABSTRACT

Embora exista um corpo de pesquisa dedicado a investigar as relações entre família e adoecimento psíquico, ainda faltam muitas informações sobre como se dão estas interações. Os transtornos mentais apresentam um impacto significativo sobre as famílias e, ao mesmo tempo, podem ser afetados por características da mesma. Além disto, a depender dessas características, a família pode apresentar-se como fator de proteção (suporte, apoio) ou risco ao desenvolvimento do portador de transtorno mental, em especial na infância. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as famílias de crianças com transtorno mental em relação ao funcionamento familiar e os recursos ambientais que estas famílias oferecem para suas crianças, buscando identificar associações entre o funcionamento familiar, a disponibilização de recursos no ambiente familiar e as variáveis sociodemográficas. Responsáveis por 33 pacientes de um serviço de Psiquiatria foram entrevistados para o preenchimento de um questionário sociodemográfico, o Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades - SDQ, o Inventário de Recursos do Ambiente Familiar - RAF, e a Escala de Avaliação da Coesão e Adaptabilidade Familiar - FACES IV. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e aplicados o teste de correlação de Spearman para verificar associações entre as dimensões de funcionamento familiar e os recursos do ambiente familiar; as variáveis sociodemográficas foram categorizadas e submetidas a análises comparativas, utilizando o teste de Mann Whitney (variáveis dicotômicas) e teste de Kruskal Wallis (variáveis com três categorias). A maioria dos pacientes investigados eram do sexo masculino (69,7%) e frequentavam escola (78,8%). Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (39,4%) e Transtorno do Espectro Autista (39,4%). Apenas 12,1% das famílias foram consideradas disfuncionais. Os recursos mais presentes no ambiente foram brinquedos (6,9 ±2,0), a família estar reunida para atividades de rotina (6,6 ±2,3), realização de atividades conjuntas com os pais em casa (6,0 ±2,1) e organização dos horários/rotina (5,9 ±2,5). Variáveis sociodemográficas como frequência à escola, o responsável exercer atividade profissional, percepção familiar sobre a gravidade das dificuldades da criança, escolaridade do responsável e classe social mostraram influência sobre funcionamento familiar. Frequência da criança à escola, responsável trabalhar fora, presença de comorbidades, escolaridade do responsável e classe socioeconômica também influenciaram a oferta de recursos pela família. A subescala emaranhada (disfuncional) de funcionamento familiar mostrou associação positiva com sintomas emocionais (r= 0,376; p<0,01) e a subescala satisfação familiar correlacionou-se negativamente com os mesmos sintomas (r=-0,365; p<0,05). As subescalas desequilibradas (desengajada, emaranhada e caótica) apresentaram correlações negativas fracas ou moderadas com os recursos ambientais (variando de r=-0,348 a r=-0,484). As subescalas equilibradas (coesão, flexibilidade, comunicação e satisfação familiar) correlacionaram-se positivamente (variando de r=0,348 a r=0,515) com a maioria dos recursos investigados pelo RAF. A presença de sintomas de hiperatividade e de sintomas emocionais mostrou-se negativamente correlacionada com os recursos investigados. De modo geral, as famílias investigadas apresentam um bom funcionamento, entretanto, há indicadores de disfuncionalidade presentes. Os resultados evidenciam que crianças com transtorno mental têm poucos recursos disponíveis no ambiente familiar que possam promover seu desenvolvimento afetivo, cognitivo e social. Além disto, os achados sugerem que quanto mais dificuldades a criança apresenta, menor é seu acesso a estes recursos. Apesar das dificuldades, recursos pessoais e familiares estão presentes


Although there is a body of research dedicated to investigate the relationship between family and mental illness, still lack a lot of information about these interactions. Mental disorders have a significant impact on families and, at the same time, may be affected by family characteristics. In addition, depending on these characteristics, the family can present itself as a protective or risk factor to the development of the bearer of mental disorder, especially in childhood. In this context, the objective of this study was to characterize the families of children with mental disorder in relation to family functioning and the environmental resources that these families provide for their children, seeking to identify associations between family functioning, the availability of resources in the family environment and sociodemographic variables. Parents of 33 patients from a Psychiatry service were interviewed to complete a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Capacities and Difficulties Questionnaire - SDQ, the Family Environment Resource Inventory - RAF, and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale IV (FACES IV). Descriptive analyzes were performed and the Spearman correlation test was applied to verify associations between the dimensions of family functioning and the resources of the family environment; the sociodemographic variables were categorized and submitted to comparative analysis using the Mann Whitney test (dichotomous variables) and Kruskal Wallis test (variables with three categories). The majority of the patients investigated were males (69.7%) and attended school (78.8%). The most frequent diagnoses were Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (39.4%) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (39.4%). Only 12.1% of the families considered were dysfunctional. The resources more present in the environment were toys (6.9 ±2.0), the family be gathered for routine activities (6.6 ±2.3), carrying out joint activities with parents at home (6.0 ±2.1) and the organization of schedules /routine (5.9 ±2.5). Sociodemographic variables such as attendance at school, the respondent engage in professional activity, family perception about the severity of the child's difficulties, schooling of the respondent and social class showed influence on family functioning. Frequency of the child to school, respondent work outside, presence of comorbidities, schooling of the respondent and socioeconomic class also influenced the supply of resources by the family. The enmeshed subscale (unbalanced) showed a positive association with emotional symptoms (r = 0.376, p <0.01) and the family satisfaction subscale correlated negatively with the same symptoms (r = -0.365, p <0.05). Unbalanced subscales (disengaged, enmeshed and chaotic) showed weak or moderate negative correlations with environmental resources (ranging from r = 0.348 to r = -0.484). The balanced subscales (cohesion, flexibility, communication and family satisfaction) correlated positively (ranging from r = 0.348 to r = 0.515) with the majority of the resources investigated by the RAF. The presence of hyperactivity and emotional symptoms were negatively correlated with the investigated resources. In general, families investigated have a good functioning; however, indicators of dysfunction are present. The results show that children with mental disorders have few resources available in the family environment that can promote their affective, cognitive and social development. In addition, the findings suggest that the more difficulties the child presents, the less is the access to these resources. Despite difficulties, personal and family resources are present


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Family/psychology , Protective Factors , Family Support/psychology , Mental Disorders/pathology
5.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 32(3): 428-434, jul.-set. 2017.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-868294

ABSTRACT

Este estudo objetivou verificar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura e da realização de uma meta-análise, a prevalência do transtorno dismórfico corporal em pacientes candidatos e/ou submetidos a procedimentos estéticos na especialidade da Cirurgia Plástica. Para cumprir com o objetivo proposto, foram analisados os mais relevantes estudos publicados originalmente em qualquer idioma, porém, que estivessem indexados às bases de dados National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE), Cochrane e Scielo, nas quais as buscas foram realizadas, por meio do uso de descritores associados ao tema e de critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Sendo assim, a amostra final deste estudo foi composta por 15 publicações, as quais foram submetidas a uma meta-análise, podendo-se verificar que 12,5% dos pacientes que são candidatos/submetidos a procedimentos estéticos na especialidade da Cirurgia Plástica possuem transtorno dismórfico corporal. Destes, a maioria é do gênero feminino (75,7%) e possui média de idade de 30 (± 10,5) anos. Devido ao alto índice de pacientes com transtorno dismórfico corporal atendidos na especialidade, ressalta-se a importância de os cirurgiões plásticos atentarem-se para o adequado atendimento dos pacientes, com vistas à identificação dos indivíduos potencialmente portadores desse transtorno e, consequentemente, à solicitação de um acompanhamento interdisciplinar com a participação de psicólogos e psiquiatras.


This study aimed at showing the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in patients who are candidates and/or are submitted to aesthetic procedures in the specialty of plastic surgery via a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis. To comply with the proposed objective, we analyzed the most relevant studies originally published in any language that were available in the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE), Cochrane, and SciELO databases. Searches were performed using keywords associated with the theme and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thus, the final sample of this study was composed of 15 publications, which were submitted to a meta-analysis. It can be confirmed that 12.5% of the patients who were candidates/submitted to aesthetic procedures in the specialty of plastic surgery had BDD. Of these, the majority were women (75.7%) with a mean age of 30 (± 10.5) years. Given the high number of patients with BDD attended to in the specialty, it is important that plastic surgeons focus on providing patients with adequate care to identify individuals who potentially have BDD and consequently conduct an interdisciplinary follow-up with the participation of psychologists and psychiatrists.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 21st Century , Surgery, Plastic , Esthetics , Body Dysmorphic Disorders , Systematic Review , Mental Disorders , Body Dysmorphic Disorders/pathology , Mental Disorders/pathology
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 73(5): 431-444, 05/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-746492

ABSTRACT

The anatomical characterization of the orbitofrontal cortex in human is limited in literature instead of many functional and clinical studies involving it. Objective Anatomically define the orbitofrontal region aiming to possible neurosurgical treatments and unify the scientific nomenclature as well. Method We analyze eighty four human hemispheres using a surgical microscope. Then we chose four hemispheres and dissect them according to Klinger’ technique. Results We found five main sulcus: olfatory sulcus, orbital medial sulcus, orbital lateral sulcus, orbital transverse sulcus and orbital intermediate sulcus. These sulcus, excluding the intermediate sulcus, delimit five gyrus: rectus gurys, orbital medial gyrus, orbital anterior gyrus, orbital lateral gyrus and orbital posterior gyrus. The main sulcal configuration can be divided on four more frequently patterns. Conclusion Orbitofrontal cortex is associated with many psychiatric disorders. Better anatomical and functional characterization of the orbitofrontal cortex and its connections will improve our knowledge about these diseases. .


A caracterização do córtex orbitofrontal em humanos é limitada na literatura, a despeito de estudos funcionais e clínicos envolvendo-o. Objetivo Definir anatomicamente o córtex orbitofrontal visualizando possíveis tratamentos neurocirúrgicos e unificar a nomenclatura científica. Método Analisamos oitenta e quatro hemisférios cerebrais humanos usando um microscópio neurocirúrgico. Escolhemos quatro hemisférios e os dissecamos de acordo com a técnica de Klinger para expor a substância branca subcortical. Resultados Encontramos cinco principais sulcos: sulco olfatório, sulco orbital medial, sulco orbital lateral, sulco orbital transverso e sulco orbital intermediário. Estes sulcos, excluindo o sulco orbital intermediário, delimitaram cinco giros: giro reto, giro orbital medial, giro orbital anterior, giro orbital lateral e giro orbital posterior. A conformação de sulcos e giros orbitais pôde ser dividida em quatro padrões mais frequentes. Conclusão O córtex orbitofrontal é associado com várias desordens psiquiátricas. Uma melhora caracterização anatômica, funcional e de suas conexões melhorará nosso conhecimento destas desordens. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Prefrontal Cortex/anatomy & histology , Dissection/methods , Mental Disorders/pathology , Neuroanatomy/methods
7.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 30(3): 368-373, 2015. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1097

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: As queimaduras autoinfligidas geram consequências físicas, psicológicas e financeiras não só para a vítima, mas também para familiares e para sociedade. A prevalência desse tipo de acidente tem ampla variedade na literatura. O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o perfil epidemiológico, a conduta e a taxa de letalidade dos pacientes com queimaduras por autoagressão atendidos em centro de tratamento de queimados, como uma forma de contribuir para intervenção efetiva em fatores e comportamentos de risco para tais acidentes. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo por meio da análise dos prontuários de pacientes internados na Unidade de Queimados do Hospital Regional da Asa Norte, Brasília - DF, no período de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2012. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 88 pacientes autoinfligidos, 54,5% do gênero feminino, idade média de 33 anos, média da superfície corporal queimada de 36%. A média de tempo de internação foi de 23 dias. A chama aberta foi o agente etiológico das queimaduras em 97,7% dos casos e o álcool foi o agente acelerador em 68,2%. A taxa de letalidade foi de 32,9%. Sessenta pacientes apresentavam comorbidades, sendo os distúrbios psiquiátricos e o etilismo os principais. CONCLUSÃO: As vítimas de queimaduras por autoagressão são geralmente mulheres, com idade média de 33 anos, utilizando álcool como agente da queimadura, afetando em média 36% da superfície corporal, com distúrbios psiquiátricos associados em 32,9% e com taxa de letalidade de 32,9%. No âmbito social, deve-se pensar em medidas públicas que detectem os pacientes em potencial para que seja instituída terapêutica adequada.


INTRODUCTION: Self-inflicted burn injuries lead to physical, psychological, and economic consequences not only to the victims but also to their families and the society. The prevalence of this type of accident varies greatly throughout the existing literatures. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile, behavior, and lethality rate in patients with self-inflicted burn injuries who received treatment in a burn unit, as a way to contribute to the effective intervention to minimize the effects of risk factors and behaviors associated with this type of accident. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective study in which we analyzed medical records of patients hospitalized in the burn unit of Asa Norte's Regional Hospital, DF, Brazil, during the period between January 2008 and December 2012. RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 88 patients with self-inflicted burn injuries, of whom 54.5% were female, with a mean age of 33 years and mean burned body surface area of 36%. The mean hospitalization time was 23 days. Open flame was the etiological agent in 97.7% of the burn cases, and alcohol was the accelerating agent in 68.2% of these cases. The lethality rate was 32.9%. Sixty patients had comorbidities, with psychiatric disorders and alcoholism being the most common. CONCLUSION: The patients with self-inflicted burn injuries were generally women, with a mean age of 33 years, who used alcohol as accelerating agent. The mean body surface area affected was 36%. Of the patients, 32.9% had associated psychiatric disorders. The lethality rate was 32.9%. From a social perspective, public measures should be established to detect potential patients in order to administer appropriate therapies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , History, 21st Century , Suicide , Wounds and Injuries , Health Profile , Burn Units , Burns , Burns, Chemical , Health Behavior , Medical Records , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Self-Injurious Behavior , Evaluation Study , Mental Disorders , Suicide/psychology , Wounds and Injuries/therapy , Burn Units/standards , Burn Units/statistics & numerical data , Burns/epidemiology , Burns, Chemical/epidemiology , Health Behavior/ethics , Medical Records/standards , Medical Records/statistics & numerical data , Self-Injurious Behavior/pathology , Self-Injurious Behavior/psychology , Mental Disorders/pathology , Mental Disorders/psychology
8.
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing ; : 97-106, 2015.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-69480

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop and test a structural model for caregiving experience including caregiving satisfaction and caregiving strain in families providing care for family members with a mental disorder. METHODS: The Stress-appraisal-coping model was used as the conceptual framework and the structural equation model to confirm the path that explains what and how variables affect caregiving experience in these families. In this hypothesis model, exogenous variables were optimism, severity of illness and uncertainty. The endogenous variables were self efficacy, social support, caregiving satisfaction and caregiving strain. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. RESULTS: Optimism and caregiving self-efficacy had significant direct and indirect effects on caregiving satisfaction. Optimism, severity of illness and uncertainty had significant direct and indirect effects on caregiving strain. The modified path model explained effects of optimism on caregiving self-efficacy with social support in the path structure as a mediator. Also, there were direct and indirect effects of optimism and uncertainty on caregiving satisfaction with social support and caregiving self-efficacy in the path structure as a mediators. CONCLUSION: Results suggest the need to improve caregiving self-efficacy of these families, establish support systems such as a mental health professional support programs for caregiving self-efficacy. Optimism, severity of illness and uncertainty perceived by families need to be considered in the development of support programs in order to increase their effectiveness.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Adaptation, Psychological , Caregivers/psychology , Family , Logistic Models , Mental Disorders/pathology , Personal Satisfaction , Self Efficacy , Severity of Illness Index , Social Support , Surveys and Questionnaires , Uncertainty
9.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 29(3): 467-472, jul.-sep. 2014. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-750

ABSTRACT

O modus vivendi moderno tem produzido cada vez mais um crescente descontentamento em relação à anatomia corporal e a imaginação a respeito do corpo perfeito desperta um desejo no indivíduo nem sempre condizente com sua realidade. Sem limitação para as transfigurações, o corpo é modelado com base no sonho de uma estrutura corporal perfeita, na maioria das vezes, inalcançável, com os inúmeros procedimentos cirúrgicos propostos. Assim, é fundamental que os cirurgiões plásticos conheçam o Transtorno Dismórfico Corporal (TDC) ou dismorfofobia, desordem esta prevalente em ambos os sexos, em que a visão da aparência é deturpada, caracterizada pela inquietação excessiva de uma imperfeição física minúscula ou por imperfeições corporais ilusórias. O diagnóstico pode passar despercebido pelo não conhecimento, pelo subdiagnóstico ou pela preocupação apenas com a alteração corporal, o que pode trazer prejuízos pessoais, demandas jurídicas e até ajudar a manter o distúrbio.


The modern modus vivendi has promoted a growing discontentment in regard to self body image, and imagining a perfect body leads to a desire in an individual that is not always compatible with reality. With no limits in transfiguration, the body is modeled based on the dream of a perfect body structure, which is most times unattainable and requires numerous proposed surgical procedures. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for plastic surgeons to become aware of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), or dysmorphophobia. This is a disorder that is prevalent in both sexes, in which self visual appearance is distorted. It is also characterized by an excessive concern over a tiny physical imperfection or delusive physical imperfections. The diagnosis can remain unnoticed due to lack of knowledge, misdiagnosis, or concern only over body alterations, which may lead to personal damage, legal claims, and also risk of prolonging the disorder.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , History, 21st Century , Somatoform Disorders , Surgery, Plastic , Body Image , Review Literature as Topic , Anorexia Nervosa , Evaluation Study , Body Dysmorphic Disorders , Physical Appearance, Body , Mental Disorders , Antidepressive Agents , Somatoform Disorders/pathology , Somatoform Disorders/psychology , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Body Image/psychology , Anorexia Nervosa/pathology , Body Dysmorphic Disorders/surgery , Body Dysmorphic Disorders/pathology , Physical Appearance, Body/physiology , Mental Disorders/pathology , Mental Disorders/psychology , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology
11.
In. Jorge, Marco Aurélio Soares; Carvalho, Maria Cecilia de Araujo; Silva, Paulo Roberto Fagundes da. Políticas e cuidado em saúde mental: contribuições para a prática profissional. Rio de Janeiro, Editora Fiocruz, 2014. p.255-277.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-736602
12.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 29(4): 567-574, 2014. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-837

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A úlcera venosa assume grande importância na vida dos pacientes, pois a ocorrência de deformidade causada por este tipo de ferida pode gerar consequência advensas as causais inclui distúrbios psicossocial. Avaliar bem-estar subjetivo e depressão em pessoas idosas com úlcera venosa. MÉTODOS: Estudo clínico, primário, descritivo, analítico e multicêntrico. Participaram 55 indivíduos idosos com úlcera venosa, atendidos no Núcleo de Assistência e Ensino em Enfermagem do Hospital das Clínicas Samuel Libânio, no Ambulatório São João da Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí e nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da cidade de Pouso Alegre. Foram incluídos pacientes com idade acima de 60 anos, ambos os sexos, índice tornozelo/braço entre 0,8 e 1,0. Os dados foram coletados no período compreendido entre dezembro de 2012 a maio de 2013, após aprovação Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde Dr. José Antônio Garcia Coutinho sob parecer 3.090.46. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: dado sócio demográfico, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica em versão reduzida de Yesavage e Escala de Bem-estar Subjetivo. Para análise estatística foi realizado os testes: Qui-Quadrado, t de Student. RESULTADOS: A Maioria, dos indivíduos, era do sexo feminino, 22(40%) tinham entre 60 e 65 anos, 27(49,10%) entre 66 e 70 anos, tinham de 1 a 2 salários mínimos e viúvo. Foram identificados 23 (41,82%) idosos com úlcera venosa nível da depressão leve ou moderada, e 26(47,28%) depressão severa. Relacionado à Escala Bem-estar Subjetivo a maioria dos participantes do estudo apresentaram alteração nos domínios: 43(78,20%), satisfação com a vida, e 40 (72,70%). CONCLUSÃO: Através deste estudo concluímos que os indivíduos que participaram da pesquisa apresentam depressão entre leve a severa e queda na qualidade de vida. Sentem-se infelizes, e insatisfeitos com a vida.


INTRODUCTION: Venous ulcers play an important role in patients' lives, as the deformities caused by this type of wound can lead to various adverse effects, including psychosocial disorders. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate subjective wellness and depression in elderly patients with venous ulcers. METHODS: This is a primary, descriptive, analytical, and multicenter clinical study involving 55 elderly patients with venous ulcers, undergoing treatment at the Nursing Assistance and Training Center of Clínicas Samuel Libânio Hospital, at the São João Outpatient Clinic of the University of Vale do Sapucaí and at the Primary Healthcare Units of Pouso Alegre city. The study included male and female patients, aged 360 years, and with an ankle-brachial index between 0.8 and 1.0. Data were collected between December 2012 and May 2013, after approval by the research ethics committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences Dr. José Antônio Garcia Coutinho, under recommendation 3.090.46. Sociodemographic data, Yesevage's reduced version of the Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Subjective Wellness Scale were used. Statistical analyses were carried out with the chi-square and Student's t tests. RESULTS: Most of the study participants were female; 22 (40%) of the patients were aged 60-65 years and 27 (49.10%) were aged 66-70 years. Their income ranged between 1 and 2 minimum wages, and most of them are widowers. Twenty-three (41.82%) elderly patients with venous ulcers had mild to moderate depression levels, and 26 (47.28%) showed severe depression. In the Subjective Wellness Scale, most study participants revealed changes in items 43 (satisfaction with life; 78.20%) and 40 (72.70%). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that study participants had mild to severe depression and decreased quality of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , History, 21st Century , Quality of Life , Varicose Ulcer , Varicose Veins , Wounds and Injuries , Aged , Multicenter Study , Evaluation Study , Depression , Clinical Study , Leg , Leg Ulcer , Mental Disorders , Varicose Ulcer/surgery , Varicose Ulcer/pathology , Varicose Veins/surgery , Varicose Veins/pathology , Wounds and Injuries/surgery , Wounds and Injuries/pathology , Depression/surgery , Depression/pathology , Leg/abnormalities , Leg/surgery , Leg Ulcer/surgery , Mental Disorders/surgery , Mental Disorders/pathology
13.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 29(4): 599-689, 2014. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-827

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Indivíduos com Transtorno Dismórfico Corporal (TDC) buscam a cirurgia estética para corrigir um defeito percebido. A prevalência de TDC entre pacientes de cirurgia plástica varia de 6% a 24%, podendo chegar a 53%. Recentemente, estudos foram realizados para identificar a fisiopatologia dos sintomas de TDC através de neuroimagem, assim como a relação entre TDC e outros transtornos (por exemplo, transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo, anorexia nervosa, ansiedade social, e transtorno de somatização), e para distinguir convicções delirantes de não-delirantes como uma expressão de um único transtorno mental com diferentes níveis de gravidade. Entretanto, estudos retrospectivos sugerem que pacientes com TDC não se beneficiam com cirurgia plástica. O objetivo deste artigo foi fornecer uma visão geral da pesquisa atual sobre TDC e identificar características psicopatológicas do TDC em pacientes de cirurgia plástica. MÉTODO: Realizou-se uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed e Embase cruzando as palavas-chave "cirurgia plástica" "cirurgia estética" e "transtorno dismórfico corporal". RESULTADOS: A prevalência de TDC é alta entre pacientes de cirurgia plástica. Não há estudos prospectivos sobre o impacto da cirurgia plástica em pacientes com TDC. CONCLUSÃO: TDC precisa ser adequadamente identificado na seleção de pacientes para cirurgia plástica a fim de otimizar a gestão de atendimento e a qualidade de vida de pacientes com TDC.


INTRODUCTION: Individuals with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) may seek cosmetic surgery to correct a perceived defect. BDD prevalences ranging from 6% to 24% and up to 53% have been reported among cosmetic surgery patients. Recent studies have been conducted to identify the pathophysiology of BDD symptoms using neuroimaging, as well as the relationship of BDD to other disorders (e.g., obsessive-compulsive disorder, anorexia nervosa, social anxiety, and somatization disorder), and means to distinguish delusional from non-delusional beliefs as an expression of a single mental disorder at different severity levels. Retrospective studies have however suggested that BDD patients do not benefit from cosmetic surgery. This paper aimed at providing an overview of the current research on BDD and identifying psychopathological characteristics of BDD in cosmetic surgery patients. METHODS: The PubMed and Embase databases were searched by crossing the keywords "plastic surgery", "aesthetic surgery" and "body dysmorphic disorder". RESULTS: The prevalence of BDD was high among cosmetic surgery patients. No prospective studies were found on the impact of cosmetic surgery on BDD patients. CONCLUSION: BDD needs to be adequately assessed during patient selection for cosmetic surgery to optimize the quality of care provided and the quality of life of patients with BDD.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 21st Century , Self Concept , Subject Headings , Surgery, Plastic , Body Image , Anorexia Nervosa , Retrospective Studies , Medical Subject Headings , Body Dysmorphic Disorders , Mental Disorders , Dissociative Identity Disorder , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Body Image/psychology , Anorexia Nervosa/physiopathology , Anorexia Nervosa/pathology , Anorexia Nervosa/psychology , Medical Subject Headings/history , Body Dysmorphic Disorders/surgery , Body Dysmorphic Disorders/pathology , Body Dysmorphic Disorders/psychology , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Mental Disorders/pathology , Mental Disorders/psychology , Dissociative Identity Disorder/pathology , Dissociative Identity Disorder/psychology
14.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 34(2): 207-212, June 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-638702

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To report structural and functional neuroimaging studies exploring the potential role of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in the pathophysiology of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders (PD). METHOD: A non-systematic literature review was conducted by means of MEDLINE using the following terms as parameters: "orbitofrontal cortex", "schizophrenia", "bipolar disorder", "major depression", "anxiety disorders", "personality disorders" and "drug addiction". The electronic search was done up to July 2011. DISCUSSION: Structural and functional OFC abnormalities have been reported in many PD, namely schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders and drug addiction. Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies have reported reduced OFC volume in patients with schizophrenia, mood disorders, PTSD, panic disorder, cluster B personality disorders and drug addiction. Furthermore, functional magnetic resonance imaging studies using cognitive paradigms have shown impaired OFC activity in all PD listed above. CONCLUSION: Neuroimaging studies have observed an important OFC involvement in a number of PD. However, future studies are clearly needed to characterize the specific role of OFC on each PD as well as understanding its role in both normal and pathological behavior, mood regulation and cognitive functioning.


OBJETIVO: Relatar estudos de neuroimagens estruturais e funcionais explorando o papel potencial do córtex orbitofrontal (COF) na fisiopatologia dos transtornos psiquiátricos (TP) mais prevalentes. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma revisão não sistemática da literatura no MEDLINE, usando como parâmetros os seguintes termos: "córtex orbitofrontal", "esquizofrenia", "transtorno bipolar", "depressão maior", "transtornos ansiosos", "transtornos de personalidade" e "dependência a drogas". A pesquisa eletrônica foi feita até julho de 2011. DISCUSSÃO: Foram relatadas anormalidades estruturais e funcionais do COF em muitos TP, particularmente esquizofrenia, transtornos afetivos, transtornos ansiosos, transtornos de personalidade e dependência a drogas. Estudos de aquisição de imagens estruturais por ressonância magnética relataram a redução do volume do COF em pacientes portadores de esquizofrenia, transtornos afetivos, TEPT, transtorno do pânico, transtornos de personalidade do grupo B e dependência a drogas. Além disso, estudos de aquisição de imagens funcionais por ressonância magnética empregando paradigmas cognitivos demonstraram alterações na atividade do COF em todos os TP anteriormente relacionados. CONCLUSÃO: Estudos de neuroimagens observaram um envolvimento importante do COF em vários TP. Entretanto, estudos futuros são claramente necessários para caracterizar o papel específico do COF em cada TP, assim como para a compreensão de seu papel tanto no comportamento normal como no patológico, na regulação do humor e no funcionamento cognitivo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Frontal Lobe/pathology , Frontal Lobe/physiopathology , Mental Disorders/pathology , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Neuroimaging
15.
Estud. psicol. (Natal) ; 17(1): 171-178, Jan.-Apr. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-643707

ABSTRACT

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a frequência de comorbidades psiquiátricas, utilizando Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, em diferentes grupos de dependentes químicos em abstinência, em ambiente protegido, classificados de acordo com o tipo de droga utilizada: (1) grupo controle (n = 37); (2) dependentes em abstinência de álcool (n = 8); (3) dependentes em abstinência de álcool, maconha e crack/cocaína (n = 24); e (4) dependentes em abstinência de múltiplas substâncias psicoativas (n=25), ou seja, indivíduos que faziam uso de vários tipos de drogas sem apresentar uma droga de escolha. Participaram 94 homens, com idade média de 30,41 anos (DP = 9,88). O período de abstinência variou entre 30 e 240 dias. A maioria dos participantes tinha baixa escolaridade e era solteira. Os resultados apontaram maior ocorrência de psicopatologias e risco de suicídio nos grupos formados por pacientes com histórico de consumo múltiplo de substâncias, sugerindo a importância da avaliação de outros transtornos associados à dependência química.


The objective of this research was to determine the frequency of psychiatric comorbidity, using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, in different groups of former drug addicts, classified according to the type of drug used: (1) control group (n = 37), (2) ex-users of alcohol only (n = 8), (3) former users of alcohol, marijuana and crack /cocaine (n = 24), and (4) ex-poly drug users (n = 25), in other words, individuals who use various types of drugs without a clear drug of choice. Participants comprised 94 men, mean age 30.41 years (SD = 9.88). The withdrawal period varied between 30 and 240 days. Most participants had little schooling and were single. The results showed a higher incidence of psychopathology and suicide risk in the groups formed by patients with a history of multiple substance use, suggesting the importance of evaluation of other disorders associated with addiction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Comorbidity , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) , Neuropharmacology , Psychopathology , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome , Substance-Related Disorders , Mental Disorders/pathology
16.
Córdoba; s.n; 2012. 78 p. ilus, ^c29 cm, ^eCD Texto completo.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-711948

ABSTRACT

La evaluación de la implementación de APS se recomienda como medida de fortalecimiento de la estrategia. El PCAT se construyó para valorar los dominios principales de APS. Objetivo: Obtener versiones de los cuestionarios para usuarios (infantil y adultos) de los instrumentos PCAT, con equivalencia semántica y conceptual a las versiones originales (EUA) y adecuadas al ámbito cultural y sanitario argentino, enfocando aspectos de la atención a la salud mental. Métodos: El procedimiento incluyó las siguientes fases: 1. Traducción directa y adaptación lingüística: dos traducciones independientes y reunión de consenso. 2. Revisión de validez de contenido por expertos locales y la autora del modelo teórico. 3. Retrotraducción: traducción al inglés de la versión en castellano y revisión. 4. Pre-test: entrevistas cognitivas con usuarios. Resultados: Se modificaron 46 ítems pertenecientes a las dimensiones de APS, se eliminó uno y se propusieron 13 en los dominios Globalidad (7 de salud mental) y Orientación comunitaria. El proceso de adaptación permitió obtener versiones que miden las características definidas teóricamente como particulares de APS. Discusión: Se obtuvieron versiones argentinas del PCAT-usuarios equivalentes culturalmente. La inclusión definitiva de los ítems nuevos, así como la validez y fiabilidad de las versiones obtenidas se analizarán en la siguiente fase, de prueba piloto


SUMMARY The evaluation of PC implementation is recommended in order to strength the strategy. The PCAT was developed to assess PC major domains. Aim: To adapt the consumer-client (children and adults) PCAT, obtaining questionnaires semantically and conceptually equivalent to the original versions (USA), suitable to Argentina’s health system, and focusing on specific aspects of mental health care. Methods: The procedure included the following stages: 1. Translation and linguistic adaptation: two independent translations and a review meeting. 2. Content validity review by local experts and the author of the theoretical model. 3. Back translation: English translation of the Spanish version and review. 4. Pre-test: cognitive interviews with users. Results: Forty-six items were modified from PC domains, one was removed and 13 items were proposed for addition in Comprehensiveness domain (7 about mental health) and Community orientation domain. Cross-cultural adaptation process reached versions that allow PC domains measures. Discussion: Culturally equivalent Argentinean PCAT-consumer-client versions were obtained. The final inclusion of new items in a separate module will be discussed in future phases of the investigation. Validity and reliability of these versions will be evaluated in a pilot test


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Evaluation/methods , Mental Health Assistance , Mental Disorders/pathology , Argentina
17.
Porto Alegre; Artmed; 5 ed; 2012. 1819 p. ilus, tab.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-695483

ABSTRACT

Tratado de Psiquiatria Clínica", 5ª edição, é um livro clássico que aborda a psiquiatria de forma ampla. Como refletem os capítulos deste livro, os psiquiatras participam de diversas atividades: prescrevem medicamentos; administram eletroconvulsoterapia; conduzem terapias; testemunham em tribunais; contribuem para o entendimento de questões ligadas à saúde pública; expandem o nosso conhecimento de como a cultura contribui para a psicopatologia; e examinam a interface entre a genética e o ambiente. O modelo biopsicossocial, que Engel tornou famoso, pode ser aplicado a toda a medicina, mas alcança sua plena realização na psiquiatria contemporânea. Ao escolherem ser integradores e inclusivos, Robert E. Hales e Stuart C. Yudofsky proporcionaram um mapa do caminho para a psiquiatria no século XXI que pode ser seguido tanto por residentes como por profissionais experientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Status Schedule , Psychiatry , Psychology, Clinical , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/pathology , Mental Disorders/therapy , Mental Health , Practice Guidelines as Topic
18.
Psicofarmacologia (B. Aires) ; 11(67): 19-25, abr. 2011. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-614204

ABSTRACT

Se analizó un total de 181 pacientes, de una media de edad de 46.1 años, de los cuales 56 son varones y 125 mujeres, que acudían para evaluar su incapacidad laboral por causa psiquiátrica o para determinar el grado de incapacidad permanente. Los datos más relevantes han sido codificados adecuadamente y registrados en una hoja de cálculo para su tratamiento estadístico por el paquete estadístico SPSS 8.01 para Windows. La proporción de incapacidades laborales de causa psiquiátrica se incrementa con la edad y es mayor en las mujeres, y se relaciona también con los menores niveles educativos y profesionales.Se registraron en la muestra un número importante de antecedentes patológicos personales somáticos relevantes, que podrían incrementar la vulnerabilidad del paciente.Las patologías más importantes como causa de incapacidad laboral fueron los trastornos del estado de ánimo, seguidos de los trastornos adaptativos.Los pacientes recibían tratamientos, habitualmente politerapia, con dos o más principios activos, siendo más frecuente el uso de antidepresivos IRSS e IRNS seguido de ansiolíticos. Sólo un número muy reducido de pacientes fue tratado con antidepresivos tricíclicos, y ninguno de los pacientes recibió terapia electroconvulsiva ni tratamiento con IMAO. Sólo un número muy reducido de los pacientes recibía tratamiento de psicoterapia. Se recomienda un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento adecuado para evitar la agravación y cronificación de los trastornos y favorecer la reinserción laboral.


It was analyzed a total of 181 subjects, average 46.1 years, 56 males and 125 females, all of them in a situation of sckness absence, or permanent disability, evaluated in order to assess the degree of disability. The more relevant data of the patients clinical records were analyzed using the statistical program Windows SPSS 8.01. The incident of sickness absence increase with age, and it is higher in women, and also correlates with lower educational and professional levels. A high rate of subjects refers pathology somatic antecedents which may increase their vulnerability. The more relevant psychiatric pathologies inducing sickness absences and permanent disability were affective disorders followed by adjustment disorders, which are incresing in frequency due to labour distress. The subjects were usually treated with politherapy, one or more spychopharmacological drugs, antidepressant SSRI or NSRI followed by anxiolitics. Only 3.4 % of subjects were treated with tricyclic antidpressant, and none of them was treated with IMAO antidepressants, or electroshock. Only a reduced number of patients were treated with psychotherapy. In order to reduce sickness absences and to prevent disability, it would very useful an early diagnosis and treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Cost of Illness , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Disability Evaluation , Early Diagnosis , Occupational Health , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Mental Disorders/pathology
19.
Clinics ; 66(4): 591-597, 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-588909

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The goals of the study were the following: 1) to determine the frequency of psychiatric disorders and irritable bowel syndrome in patients with asthma and 2) to compare the frequency of these disorders in patients with asthma to their frequency in healthy controls. INTRODUCTION: Patients with asthma have a higher frequency of irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric disorders. METHODS: We evaluated 101 patients with bronchial asthma and 67 healthy subjects. All subjects completed the brief version of the Bowel Symptoms Questionnaire and a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis disorders (SCID-I/CV). RESULTS: There were 37 cases of irritable bowel syndrome in the group of 101 stable asthma patients (36.6 percent) and 12 cases in the group of 67 healthy subjects (17.9 percent) (p = 0.009). Irritable bowel syndrome comorbidity was not related to the severity of asthma (p = 0.15). Regardless of the presence of irritable bowel syndrome, psychiatric disorders in asthma patients (52/97; 53.6 percent) were more common than in the control group (22/63, 34.9 percent) (p = 0.02). Although psychiatric disorders were more common in asthma patients with irritable bowel syndrome (21/35, 60 percent) than in those without irritable bowel syndrome (31/62, 50 percent), the difference was not significant (p = 0.34). In asthma patients with irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric disorders, the percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was lower than it was in those with no comorbidities (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Both irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric disorders were more common in asthma patients than in healthy controls. Psychiatric disorders were more common in asthma patients with irritable bowel syndrome than in those without irritable bowel syndrome, although the differences failed to reach statistical significance. In asthma patients with IBS and psychiatric disorders, FEV1s were significantly lower than in other asthma patients. It is important for clinicians to accurately recognize that these comorbid conditions are associated with additive functional impairment.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Asthma/epidemiology , Irritable Bowel Syndrome/epidemiology , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Analysis of Variance , Asthma/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Irritable Bowel Syndrome/pathology , Mental Disorders/pathology
20.
Clinics ; 66(6): 1045-1050, 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-594376

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The role of structural brain changes and their correlations with neuropsychiatric symptoms and disability in Alzheimer's disease are still poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To establish whether structural changes in grey matter volume in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease are associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms and disability METHODS: Nineteen Alzheimer's disease patients (9 females; total mean age =75.2 y old +4.7; total mean education level =8.5 y +4.9) underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination and voxel-based morphometry analysis. T1-weighted images were spatially normalized and segmented. Grey matter images were smoothed and analyzed using a multiple regression design. The results were corrected for multiple comparisons. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory was used to evaluate the neuropsychiatric symptoms, and the Functional Activities Questionnaire and Disability Assessment for Dementia were used for functional evaluation RESULTS: A significant negative correlation was found between the bilateral middle frontal gyri, left inferior temporal gyrus, right orbitofrontal gyrus, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory scores. A negative correlation was found between bilateral middle temporal gyri, left hippocampus, bilateral fusiform gyri, and the Functional Activities Questionnaire. There was a positive correlation between the right amygdala, bilateral fusiform gyri, right anterior insula, left inferior and middle temporal gyri, right superior temporal gyrus, and Disability Assessment for Dementia scores CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the neuropsychiatric symptoms observed in Alzheimer's disease patients could be mainly due to frontal structural abnormalities, whereas disability could be associated with reductions in temporal structures.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Alzheimer Disease/pathology , Brain/pathology , Mental Disorders/pathology , Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology , Behavioral Symptoms/physiopathology , Brain/physiopathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Neuropsychological Tests , Statistics, Nonparametric , Surveys and Questionnaires
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